Coral Reefs Marine托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Coral Reefs Marine托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Coral Reefs Marine托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a marine biology class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:So we have been fairly thorough in our discussion about coral reefs,which of course are prominent,oceanic features made of hard limestone skeletons produced by tiny coral animals.We've gone over where coral reefs are usually formed...along the edges of shallow ocean banks in tropical or subtropical regions,and the fact that they are declining at an alarming rate.

But I don't want to leave you with the impression that all is lost.There are several techniques being employed today that could prove useful in assuring the future of the reefs.Now,we've talked in depth about coral bleaching,or whitening,which as you recall,is a symptom of,well that the coral is suffering.As you know,coral is very sensitive to water temperature.Even though one or two degree Celsius rise in sea surface temperature for a relatively short amount of time can cause bleaching.

Recently,researchers have used data collected by monitoring surface water temperatures to improve the ability of a reef to recover from bleaching.One future possibility is that improved monitoring can help predict where and when bleaching will occur,which might potentially enable us to mitigate its effects.And there's another technique that's been experimented with to try to help coral reefs recover from bleaching.It's called coral transplantation.This involves moving young coral from a healthy reef onto a degraded reef,you know,in an attempt to regenerate the degraded reef by encouraging young healthy coral to take over.There has been some success with this,but it's still somewhat controversial.

Some scientists support it because,well for one thing,it means you don't have to rely on the existing coral to reestablish itself because it might not be able to.But in my opinion,transplanting coral should only be used as,well,as a last resort.I mean,this method is not only costly but it's...well,even if it's successful,it still fails to address the ongoing problem,the root causes of the degradation,which really is paramount to devising an effective solution.So I don't really take comfort in the successes they have had with transplantation.Perhaps some more constructive use of our time could be spent at researching corals that do survive,like in areas known as refugia.Refugia are areas on the reef that are seemingly,well resistant to bleaching.See,when coral reefs experience bleaching,it's rarely a case of the whole reef being affected.There are almost always pockets of coral on the reefs that remain unaffected.And these are often the lower areas of the reef,those located in deeper water,where temperatures are lower.

Now,we have evidence that corals in these locations are able to escape the destructive bleaching that affects portions of the reef in shallower or warmer water.So in my mind,it's these refugia that are the key components of overall reef resilience.These should be the area of concentration for researchers to locate and protect those regions as a way to sustain coral reefs.And we can also protect the reefs by protecting the surrounding ecosystems,like mangrove forests and seagrass beds.Both of these grow in coastal waters,often in the vicinity of coral reefs.By protecting these areas,we also protect the coral.Let's take,for example,the mangrove forests.Mangrove root systems have the ability to absorb and well trap sediments and pollutants in water that flows through them before they enter the ocean.This of course has beneficial results for the nearby coral reefs.And fisheries management is another key strategy.Over fishing can be seriously disruptive to coral.Let me give you a couple of examples.Overfishing certain species of fish and shellfish like snappers,barracudas and even lobsters.Well,all of these creatures feed on snails,worms and other organisms that eat coral.

So depleting the number of lobsters,for example,means that we are adding to the threat of coral decline.Sea urchins are another example.They eat algae and prevent it from overwhelming the coral.Since the disappearance of sea urchins from the waters up the coast of South Florida,many coral reefs there have been smothered by the uncontrolled growth of algae.

二、Coral Reefs Marine托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽一節(jié)海洋生物學課上的部分講座。女教授：所以我們對珊瑚礁的討論相當透徹，珊瑚礁當然是突出的海洋特征，由小型珊瑚動物產生的堅硬石灰?guī)r骨架構成。我們已經了解了珊瑚礁通常形成的地方…沿著熱帶或亞熱帶地區(qū)淺海海岸的邊緣，事實上它們正在以驚人的速度下降。

但我不想給你留下一切都失去了的印象。今天，有幾種技術被用來確保珊瑚礁的未來?，F(xiàn)在，我們已經深入討論了珊瑚白化，或者說白化，正如你所記得的，這是珊瑚遭受痛苦的癥狀。眾所周知，珊瑚對水溫非常敏感。即使海面溫度在相對較短的時間內升高一到兩攝氏度也會導致漂白。

最近，研究人員利用監(jiān)測地表水溫度收集的數(shù)據來提高珊瑚礁從漂白中恢復的能力。未來的一種可能性是，改進的監(jiān)測可以幫助預測漂白發(fā)生的時間和地點，這可能使我們能夠減輕其影響。還有另一種技術正在試驗，試圖幫助珊瑚礁從白化中恢復。這叫做珊瑚移植。這包括將年輕的珊瑚從健康的珊瑚礁移到退化的珊瑚礁上，你知道，通過鼓勵年輕健康的珊瑚接管，試圖再生退化的珊瑚。這方面取得了一些成功，但仍有一些爭議。

一些科學家支持這一觀點，因為，首先，這意味著你不必依賴現(xiàn)有的珊瑚來重建自己，因為它可能無法重建。但在我看來，移植珊瑚只能作為最后的手段。我的意思是，這種方法不僅成本高昂，而且……好吧，即使它成功了，它仍然無法解決當前的問題，即退化的根本原因，這對于設計有效的解決方案至關重要。所以我對他們在移植方面取得的成功并不感到欣慰。也許我們可以更建設性地利用我們的時間來研究存活下來的珊瑚，比如在被稱為避難所的地區(qū)。庇護所是珊瑚礁上的區(qū)域，似乎對漂白有很好的抵抗力?？?，當珊瑚礁經歷白化時，整個珊瑚礁很少受到影響。珊瑚礁上幾乎總是有小珊瑚群未受影響。這些區(qū)域通常是珊瑚礁的較低區(qū)域，位于較深的水域，那里的溫度較低。

現(xiàn)在，我們有證據表明，這些地點的珊瑚能夠逃脫破壞性的漂白，這種漂白影響到淺水或溫暖水域的部分珊瑚礁。所以在我看來，正是這些避難所是整個珊瑚礁恢復力的關鍵組成部分。這些區(qū)域應該是研究人員的集中區(qū)域，以定位和保護這些區(qū)域，以此維持珊瑚礁。我們還可以通過保護周圍的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)來保護珊瑚礁，比如紅樹林和海草床。它們都生長在沿海水域，通常在珊瑚礁附近。通過保護這些區(qū)域，我們也保護了珊瑚。以紅樹林為例。紅樹林根系有能力在沉積物和污染物進入海洋之前，吸收并很好地捕獲流經它們的水中的沉積物和污染物。這當然對附近的珊瑚礁有利。漁業(yè)管理是另一項關鍵戰(zhàn)略。過度捕撈會嚴重破壞珊瑚。讓我舉幾個例子。過度捕撈某些魚類和貝類，如鯛魚、梭魚甚至龍蝦。所有這些生物都以蝸牛、蠕蟲和其他吃珊瑚的生物為食。

例如，龍蝦數(shù)量的減少意味著我們正在增加珊瑚礁衰退的威脅。海膽是另一個例子。它們吃藻類，防止藻類淹沒珊瑚。自從南佛羅里達州海岸的海膽消失以來，那里的許多珊瑚礁都被藻類不受控制的生長所窒息。

三、Coral Reefs Marine托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The transplantation of young coral to new reef sites

B.Efforts to improve the chances of survival of coral reefs

C.The effects of temperature change on coral reefs

D.Confirming the reasons behind the decline of coral reefs

Q2:2.According to the professor,how might researches predict the onset of coral bleaching in the future?

A.By monitoring populations of coral predators

B.By monitoring bleach-resistant coral species

C.By monitoring sea surface temperatures

D.By monitoring degraded reefs that have recovered

Q3:3.What is the professor's opinion about coral transplantation?

A.It is cost-effective.

B.It is long-term solution.

C.It is producing encouraging results.

D.It does not solve the underlying problems.

Q4:4.Why does the professor discuss refugia?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.To explain that the location of coral within a reef affects the coral’s ability to survive

B.To point out why some coral species are more susceptible to bleaching than others

C.To suggest that bleaching is not as detrimental to coral health as first thought

D.To illustrate the importance of studying coral that has a low vulnerability to bleaching

Q5:5.What does the professor imply about the impact of mangrove forests on coral-reef ecosystems?

A.Mangrove forests provide habitat for wildlife that feed on coral predators.

B.Mangrove forests improve the water quality of nearby reefs.

C.Mangrove forests can produce sediments that pollute coral habitats.

D.Mangrove forests compete with nearby coral reefs for certain nutrients.

Q6:6.According to the professor,what effect do lobsters and sea urchin have on a coral reef?

A.They protect a reef by feeding on destructive organism.

B.They harm a reef by taking away important nutrients.

C.They filter pollutants from water around a reef.

D.They prevent a reef from growing by preying on young corals.

四、Coral Reefs Marine托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：AD

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：A

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