Two-party System托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

新托福聽(tīng)力難度大，題型多，而且聽(tīng)力和寫作、口語(yǔ)等部分也相關(guān)聯(lián)，可以說(shuō)，是牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身的地位。所以要想取得高分，需要以殘酷的、毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的、不存在任何僥幸的聽(tīng)力實(shí)力為基礎(chǔ)。那么關(guān)于“Two-party System托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案”的內(nèi)容，下面由小編來(lái)給大家分享。

Two-party System托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

一、Two-party System托福聽(tīng)力原文：

M:At the heart of the system of government called“democracy”is the institution of elections.The electoral system is the basic machinery by which popular government is exercised.And at the heart of the electoral system are political parties that organize voters and compete for support on issues.Participating in democratic politics means joining or supporting a political party.It means taking sides on central political issues.Political parties are the mechanism for selecting candidates and gaining support at the polls.Parties vary significantly in different countries,but all parties have certain common features.Political parties are voluntary organizations,generally national in scope,made up of people who agree to some degree on public policies.In the United States and Canada,political parties are stable,and each party tends to embrace a wide range of views and interests.The democratic institutions of these countries operate essentially on a two-party system.Why a two-party system?Or,should I say why has the two-party system prevailed in so many democratic states?For one thing,the essence of politics is debate;there must be someone to debate with.A one-party system means one party monopolizes power and talks only to itself.A one-party system can only be totalitarian,and therefore quite distinct from democracy.Yes,Sandra?

W:Isn’t it true that another reason we have two parties is because,uh,because liberal and conservative attitudes are basic human—uh,I mean they’re a basic part of our nature.In fact,almost everything that we think or do seems to come down to having—to there being two different ways of seeing the world.

M:That’s an interesting idea.We even have the saying,“There are two sides to every coin.”In every democratic society,there are generally two dominant parties—one for each side of the coin.In the United States,it’s the Democrats and the Republicans.In Canada,it’s the Liberals and the Conservatives.In both countries,the two parties are balanced enough so the minority party can become the majority by gaining an additional small share of the votes.The two parties have lasted so long because they have the ability to adjust to changes in events and in public opinion.But in addition to the two major parties,there are also several smaller parties on the margins of political power.There are lots of political factions that sometimes compete at elections.Parties are closely associated with various pressure groups,interest groups,lobbies,occupational organizations,and other groups that want to influence the decisions of the state.The purpose of each major party is to capture the legislative and executive organs of the state in order to get the party’s policies accepted.The aim of parties is to win elections.However,winning an election isn’t the same thing as capturing the power of the state.What really happens is,the state captures the winning party.Why is this?Well,for one thing,the experience of government tends to soften the contrasts of political debate.Government is a responsible business,while politics is a game with teams competing for victory.

W:Excuse me,Dr.Reed,but isn’t it—I mean,then what you’re really saying is,government and politics aren’t the same thing.You said that government is a serious business,but politics is like a game.

M:Right!Politics is a game.In politics,teams and individuals take risks,and there are winners and losers.Competition is the essence of politics.But with government,collaboration and compromise are necessary because the job has got to get done.So,why do we need political parties?We need parties because,for one reason,the process of policy formation takes place there.Parties maintain research offices and establish connections with press and citizens groups.This is how political parties develop information and thinking on major issues.The major parties retain enough differences so they can appeal to different groups of voters,and so they can offer alternatives to the independent voters who don’t vote purely on the basis of party loyalty.However,the party platforms tend to balance each other in the types of issues they take up.For example,when one party introduces a plan for education reform,the other party generally takes up education as well.

二、Two-party System托福聽(tīng)力中文翻譯：

M：被稱為“民主”的政府體系的核心是選舉制度。選舉制度是人民政府行使權(quán)力的基本機(jī)制。選舉制度的核心是組織選民并在問(wèn)題上爭(zhēng)奪支持的政黨。參與民主政治意味著加入或支持一個(gè)政黨。這意味著在核心政治問(wèn)題上偏袒一方。政黨是選擇候選人并在投票中獲得支持的機(jī)制。不同國(guó)家的締約方差異很大，但所有締約方都有某些共同特征。政黨是自愿組織，通常是全國(guó)性的，由在某種程度上同意公共政策的人組成。在美國(guó)和加拿大，政黨是穩(wěn)定的，每個(gè)政黨都傾向于接受廣泛的觀點(diǎn)和利益。這些國(guó)家的民主體制基本上是在兩黨制的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)作的。為什么是兩黨制？或者，我應(yīng)該說(shuō)，為什么兩黨制在這么多民主國(guó)家盛行？首先，政治的本質(zhì)是辯論；一定有人可以辯論。一黨制意味著一方壟斷權(quán)力，只與自己對(duì)話。一黨制只能是極權(quán)主義，因此與民主截然不同。是的，桑德拉？

W：我們有兩黨的另一個(gè)原因是，嗯，因?yàn)樽杂芍髁x和保守主義的態(tài)度是人類的基本態(tài)度，嗯，我的意思是，它們是我們本性的基本組成部分。事實(shí)上，幾乎我們所想或所做的一切似乎都?xì)w結(jié)為有兩種不同的看待世界的方式。

M：這是一個(gè)有趣的想法。我們甚至有這樣一句話：“每枚硬幣都有兩面?！痹诿總€(gè)民主社會(huì)中，通常都有兩個(gè)占主導(dǎo)地位的政黨，硬幣的每一面都有一個(gè)。在美國(guó)，是民主黨和共和黨。在加拿大，是自由黨和保守黨。在這兩個(gè)國(guó)家，兩黨都足夠平衡，因此少數(shù)黨可以通過(guò)獲得額外的少量選票而成為多數(shù)黨。兩黨之所以能持續(xù)這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，是因?yàn)樗麄冇心芰m應(yīng)事件和輿論的變化。但除了這兩個(gè)主要政黨之外，還有幾個(gè)處于政治權(quán)力邊緣的較小政黨。有很多政治派別有時(shí)會(huì)在選舉中進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。政黨與各種壓力團(tuán)體、利益團(tuán)體、游說(shuō)團(tuán)體、職業(yè)組織和其他希望影響國(guó)家決策的團(tuán)體密切相關(guān)。每個(gè)主要政黨的目的都是奪取國(guó)家的立法和行政機(jī)關(guān)，以使該黨的政策得到接受。政黨的目標(biāo)是贏得選舉。然而，贏得選舉與奪取國(guó)家權(quán)力并不是一回事。真正發(fā)生的是，國(guó)家抓住了獲勝的一方。為什么會(huì)這樣？首先，政府的經(jīng)驗(yàn)往往會(huì)緩和政治辯論的對(duì)比。政府是一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的企業(yè)，而政治是一場(chǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)爭(zhēng)奪勝利的游戲。

W：對(duì)不起，里德博士，但不是嗎？我的意思是，那么你真正想說(shuō)的是，政府和政治不是一回事。你說(shuō)政府是一項(xiàng)嚴(yán)肅的事業(yè)，但政治就像一場(chǎng)游戲。

M：對(duì)！政治是一場(chǎng)游戲。在政治中，團(tuán)隊(duì)和個(gè)人都要冒險(xiǎn)，有贏家也有輸家。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是政治的本質(zhì)。但與政府合作和妥協(xié)是必要的，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)工作必須完成。那么，我們?yōu)槭裁葱枰h呢？我們需要政黨，因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)原因，政策制定的過(guò)程就發(fā)生在那里。締約方設(shè)有研究辦公室，并與新聞界和公民團(tuán)體建立聯(lián)系。這就是政黨在重大問(wèn)題上發(fā)展信息和思考的方式。主要政黨保留了足夠的分歧，這樣他們就可以吸引不同的選民群體，也就可以為那些不純粹基于政黨忠誠(chéng)投票的獨(dú)立選民提供替代方案。然而，政黨綱領(lǐng)往往在所涉及的問(wèn)題類型上相互平衡。例如，當(dāng)一方提出教育改革計(jì)劃時(shí)，另一方通常也會(huì)接受教育。

三、Two-party System托福聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題：

Q1:1.How does the professor develop the topic of political parties?

A.By comparing the goals of different parties&nbsp

B.By promoting the views of a specific party

C.By describing parties in a two-party system&nbsp

D.By explaining how to organize a party

Q2:2.Why does the professor say this:

A.To test the students’knowledge of parties

B.To find out which party the students support

C.To introduce a point that he will make

D.To show that all states have a two-party system

Q3:3.What does the professor imply about political parties?

A.Parties make decisions based on the interests of several organizations.

B.Parties can never accomplish everything that they would like to do.

C.Parties carry on their work through the efforts of unpaid volunteers.

D.Parties are necessary in the exercise of democracy in national states.

Q4:What does the professor mean when he saysthis:

A.It is possible to enjoy politics but dislike government at the same time.

B.A political party cares about major issues,but a government doesn’t care.

C.Politics is about competition,while government is about responsibility.

D.Elections and government are like two sides of the same coin.

Q5:Why does the professor say this:

A.To show how major parties usually deal with the same issues

B.To suggest that both parties should give education more attention

C.To contrast the philosophy and methods of opposing parties

D.To point out which party is more concerned with education

四、Two-party System托福聽(tīng)力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：A

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